java

Inheritance in Java

Inheritance in programming is the process whereby one class (also called a sub-class) acquires the properties (methods, fields, etc) of another (in this case a super class) using the extends keyword. This makes information manageable in a hierarchical manner.

With inheritance, you can create new classes that are built upon existing classes. When you inherit an existing class, you can reuse methods and fields of the parents class and you can add new methods and fields as well.

Some of the reasons for using inheritance are for method overriding and code reusability.

Types of Inheritance

  1. Single Inheritance

Example

class Animal{
void eat(){
System.out.println("eating");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){
System.out.println("barking");
}
}

class TestClass {
public static void main(String args[]){
Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.bark(); //barking
dog.eat(); //eating
}
}

2. Multi-level Inheritance

In a multi-level inheritance, several classes can inherit the properties and methods of each other in a multi-level setting.

class Animal{
void eat(){
System.out.println("eating");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){
System.out.println("barking");
}
}

class BabyDog extends Dog{
void play(){
System.out.println("A puppy plays");
}
}

class TestClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
BabyDog babydog = new BabyDog();
babydog.play(); //A puppy plays
babydog.bark(): //barking
babydog.eat(); //eating
}
}

3. Hierarchical Inheritance

In a hierarchical inheritance, every subclass inherits from the super class and hence can only call properties of the super class alone. A subclass cannot call properties from another subclass.

class Animal{
void eat(){
System.out.println("eating");
}
}

class Dog extends Animal{
void bark(){
System.out.println("barking");
}
}

class Cat extends Animal{
void meow(){
System.out.println("cat meows")
}
}

class TestClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
Cat c = new Cat();
cat.eat(); //eating
cat.meow(); //cat meows
cat.bark(); //Error! you will have to instantiate the Dog class like so:

Dog dog = new Dog();
dog.eat(); //eating.

}
}

Thank you for reading.

The End.

Recent Posts

ReferenceError vs. TypeError: What’s the Difference?

When debugging JavaScript, you’ll often encounter ReferenceError and TypeError. While both indicate something went wrong,…

10 hours ago

document.querySelector() vs. getElementById(): Which is Faster?

When selecting DOM elements in JavaScript, two common methods are document.querySelector() and document.getElementById(). But which…

10 hours ago

npm vs. Yarn: Which Package Manager Should You Use in 2025?

When starting a JavaScript project, one of the first decisions you’ll face is: Should I…

3 days ago

Why Learn Software Development? (And Where to Start)

Software development is one of the most valuable skills you can learn. From building websites…

6 days ago

JavaScript Multidimensional Arrays

In JavaScript, arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable. While JavaScript…

2 weeks ago

What is Containerization

Containerization is a lightweight form of virtualization that packages an application and its dependencies into…

2 weeks ago