{"id":3144,"date":"2025-11-16T11:58:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:58:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/?p=3144"},"modified":"2025-11-16T11:58:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T10:58:29","slug":"javascript-browser-object-model-bom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/javascript-browser-object-model-bom\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript Browser Object Model (BOM)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Browser Object Model (BOM)<\/strong> refers to all the JavaScript-accessible objects provided by the web browser<\/strong> (not the web page) that allow developers to interact with the browser itself \u2014 things like the window, the screen, the browser history, the location bar, and pop-ups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Learn JavaScript from the comfort of your home<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the DOM<\/strong> is about the document<\/em> (HTML), the BOM<\/strong> is about the browser environment<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BOM vs DOM (Quick Difference)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Feature<\/th>DOM<\/th>BOM<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
What it Represents<\/td>HTML document<\/td>Browser environment<\/td><\/tr>
Provided by<\/td>Browser<\/td>Browser<\/td><\/tr>
Examples<\/td>document<\/code>, elements, nodes<\/td>window<\/code>, navigator<\/code>, location<\/code>, history<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
Purpose<\/td>Manipulate page content<\/td>Interact with browser features<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. The\u00a0window<\/code>\u00a0Object (The ROOT of BOM)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The window<\/code><\/strong> object is the global object for JavaScript running in the browser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Everything in the BOM hangs from window<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

console.log(window.innerWidth);\nconsole.log(window.innerHeight);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Common Window Methods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Method<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
alert()<\/code><\/td>Displays popup alert<\/td><\/tr>
confirm()<\/code><\/td>OK\/Cancel popup<\/td><\/tr>
prompt()<\/code><\/td>Input popup<\/td><\/tr>
setTimeout()<\/code><\/td>Run function once after delay<\/td><\/tr>
setInterval()<\/code><\/td>Run function repeatedly<\/td><\/tr>
clearTimeout()<\/code><\/td>Stop timeout<\/td><\/tr>
clearInterval()<\/code><\/td>Stop interval<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
setTimeout(() => {\n  console.log(\"This runs after 3 seconds\");\n}, 3000);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
2.\u00a0window.location<\/code>\u00a0Object \u2014 URL Information & Navigation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Controls and retrieves parts of the current browser URL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Common Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
location.href<\/code><\/td>Full URL<\/td><\/tr>
location.hostname<\/code><\/td>Domain<\/td><\/tr>
location.pathname<\/code><\/td>Page path<\/td><\/tr>
location.search<\/code><\/td>Query string<\/td><\/tr>
location.hash<\/code><\/td>Fragment (#)<\/td><\/tr>
location.protocol<\/code><\/td>http: \/ https:<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Method<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
location.assign()<\/code><\/td>Load a new page<\/td><\/tr>
location.replace()<\/code><\/td>Replace current page (no back button)<\/td><\/tr>
location.reload()<\/code><\/td>Refresh page<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
console.log(location.href);\nlocation.reload();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.\u00a0window.history<\/code>\u00a0Object \u2014 Browser Navigation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Allows JavaScript to move forward\/backward in the browsing history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Method<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
history.back()<\/code><\/td>Go to previous page<\/td><\/tr>
history.forward()<\/code><\/td>Go to next page<\/td><\/tr>
history.go(n)<\/code><\/td>Move n steps (-1, +1, etc.)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
history.go(-1); \/\/ Equivalent to back()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
4.\u00a0window.screen<\/code>\u00a0Object \u2014 Device Screen Info<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Provides information about the user’s screen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Common Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
screen.width<\/code><\/td>Screen width<\/td><\/tr>
screen.height<\/code><\/td>Screen height<\/td><\/tr>
screen.availWidth<\/code><\/td>Available width<\/td><\/tr>
screen.availHeight<\/code><\/td>Available height<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
console.log(screen.width, screen.height);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
5. window.navigator<\/code>\u00a0Object \u2014 Browser & Device Metadata<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Gives information about the browser and environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Useful Navigator Properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Property<\/th>Description<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
navigator.userAgent<\/code><\/td>Browser\/OS details<\/td><\/tr>
navigator.language<\/code><\/td>User’s language<\/td><\/tr>
navigator.onLine<\/code><\/td>Online\/offline status<\/td><\/tr>
navigator.geolocation<\/code><\/td>GPS access (requires permission)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
console.log(navigator.language);\nconsole.log(navigator.onLine);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Geolocation Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(pos => {\n  console.log(pos.coords.latitude, pos.coords.longitude);\n});<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
6. Popup Control (open<\/code>,\u00a0close<\/code>,\u00a0moveTo<\/code>,\u00a0resizeTo<\/code>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Open a new popup window<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
let popup = window.open(\"https:\/\/example.com\", \"_blank\", \"width=500,height=500\");<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Close it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
popup.close();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
7. Timers \u2014\u00a0setTimeout<\/code>\u00a0&\u00a0setInterval<\/code><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Already part of\u00a0window<\/code>, but extremely important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Example: Interval<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
let i = 0;\nlet timer = setInterval(() => {\n  console.log(\"Tick: \" + i++);\n  if (i === 5) clearInterval(timer);\n}, 1000);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
8. Cookies via BOM<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
You can access cookies using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
document.cookie = \"username=John; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 2025 23:59:59 GMT\";\nconsole.log(document.cookie);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Summary Table of BOM Objects<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
BOM Object<\/th>Purpose<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
window<\/code><\/td>Root of everything<\/td><\/tr>
location<\/code><\/td>URL navigation<\/td><\/tr>
history<\/code><\/td>Forward\/back navigation<\/td><\/tr>
screen<\/code><\/td>Screen\/device display info<\/td><\/tr>
navigator<\/code><\/td>Browser\/system info<\/td><\/tr>
alert\/prompt\/confirm<\/code><\/td>Popup dialogs<\/td><\/tr>
setTimeout\/setInterval<\/code><\/td>Timers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
The\u00a0BOM (Browser Object Model)<\/strong>\u00a0is the set of JavaScript-accessible objects provided by the browser that let you interact with browser features such as navigation, history, screen, popups, timers, and browser metadata.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The Browser Object Model (BOM) refers to all the JavaScript-accessible objects provided by the web browser (not the web page) that allow<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-softare-development"],"yoast_head":"\nJavaScript Browser Object Model (BOM)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The\u00a0Browser Object Model (BOM)\u00a0refers to all the JavaScript-accessible objects provided by the\u00a0web browser\u00a0(not the web page)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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