{"id":3080,"date":"2025-10-17T15:27:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T14:27:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/?p=3080"},"modified":"2025-10-17T15:27:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T14:27:25","slug":"json-web-token-jwt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/json-web-token-jwt\/","title":{"rendered":"JSON Web Token (JWT)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>JWT (JSON Web Token)<\/strong>\u00a0is a compact, secure way to transmit information between two parties \u2014 usually a\u00a0<strong>client<\/strong>\u00a0(like a browser or mobile app) and a\u00a0<strong>server<\/strong>\u00a0\u2014 as a\u00a0<strong>JSON object<\/strong>. It\u2019s commonly used for\u00a0<strong>authentication and authorization<\/strong>in web applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Structure of a JWT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover has-custom-content-position is-position-top-left\" style=\"min-height:430px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-3081\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-Oct-17-2025-at-12_49_41-AM-1024x683.png\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-Oct-17-2025-at-12_49_41-AM-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-Oct-17-2025-at-12_49_41-AM-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-Oct-17-2025-at-12_49_41-AM-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/codeflarelimited.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/ChatGPT-Image-Oct-17-2025-at-12_49_41-AM.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-large-font-size\">Codeflare<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A JWT is made up of\u00a0<strong>three parts<\/strong>, separated by dots (<code>.<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">xxxxx.yyyyy.zzzzz<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Header<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Payload<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Signature<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Header<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>header<\/strong>\u00a0contains metadata about the token, like the type (<code>JWT<\/code>) and the algorithm used for signing (e.g.,\u00a0<code>HS256<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"alg\": \"HS256\",\n  \"typ\": \"JWT\"\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This is then\u00a0<strong>Base64Url-encoded<\/strong>\u00a0to form the first part of the token.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Payload<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The\u00a0<strong>payload<\/strong>\u00a0contains the actual data (claims) you want to transmit, such as user info or token expiry time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">{\n  \"sub\": \"1234567890\",\n  \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n  \"admin\": true,\n  \"exp\": 1739700000\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of claims:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Registered claims:<\/strong>\u00a0predefined fields like\u00a0<code>iss<\/code>\u00a0(issuer),\u00a0<code>exp<\/code>\u00a0(expiration),\u00a0<code>sub<\/code>\u00a0(subject),\u00a0<code>aud<\/code>\u00a0(audience).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Public claims:<\/strong>\u00a0custom data, e.g.,\u00a0<code>name<\/code>,\u00a0<code>role<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Private claims:<\/strong>\u00a0application-specific data shared between two parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This part is also\u00a0<strong>Base64Url-encoded<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Signature<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure the token wasn\u2019t tampered with, the server signs it using a\u00a0<strong>secret key<\/strong>\u00a0(or a private key in asymmetric cryptography).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">For example:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">HMACSHA256(\n  base64UrlEncode(header) + \".\" + base64UrlEncode(payload),\n  secret\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The output is encoded again, forming the\u00a0<strong>third part<\/strong>\u00a0of the token.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example JWT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.\neyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.\nTJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How JWT Works (Authentication Flow)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>User logs in<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 The server validates credentials.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Server creates a JWT<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 Signs it using a secret key.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Server sends the token<\/strong>\u00a0to the client.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Client stores the token<\/strong>\u00a0(usually in localStorage or cookies).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For each request<\/strong>, the client sends the token in the\u00a0<code>Authorization<\/code>\u00a0header:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">Authorization: Bearer &lt;token><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>6. <strong>Server verifies the token<\/strong>\u00a0\u2192 If valid, grants access to protected routes\/resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Stateless:<\/strong>\u00a0No need to store sessions on the server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compact:<\/strong>\u00a0Easy to transmit in URLs, headers, or cookies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cross-platform:<\/strong>\u00a0Works with any language that supports JSON.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disadvantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cannot be revoked easily:<\/strong>\u00a0Once issued, a JWT is valid until it expires.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Larger than traditional session IDs.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sensitive data must never be stored inside the payload<\/strong>\u00a0(even though it\u2019s encoded, it\u2019s not encrypted).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example in Node.js<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Using\u00a0<code>jsonwebtoken<\/code>\u00a0package:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">const jwt = require('jsonwebtoken');\n\n\/\/ Generate a token\nconst token = jwt.sign({ userId: 123, role: 'admin' }, 'secretkey', { expiresIn: '1h' });\n\n\/\/ Verify a token\ntry {\n  const decoded = jwt.verify(token, 'secretkey');\n  console.log(decoded);\n} catch (err) {\n  console.error('Invalid token');\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JWT (JSON Web Token)\u00a0is a compact, secure way to transmit information between two parties \u2014 usually a\u00a0client\u00a0(like a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-softare-development"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>JSON Web Token (JWT)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"JWT (JSON Web Token) is a compact, secure way to transmit information between two 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